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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_4" checked>
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
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<a href="../../" class="md-nav__link ">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Lix
|
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_4" id="__nav_4_label" tabindex="">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Lix
|
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../glossary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Glossary
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../quick-start/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Quick Start
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
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<a href="../../Advanced-Topics/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Advanced Topics
|
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
|
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<a href="../../Command-Reference/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Command Reference
|
|
</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
|
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<a href="../../Package-Management/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Package Management
|
|
</span>
|
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|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
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<a href="../../architecture/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Architecture
|
|
</span>
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
|
<a href="../../contributing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Contributing
|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
|
<a href="../../installation/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Installation
|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_4_10" checked>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
|
<a href="../" class="md-nav__link ">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Language
|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_4_10" id="__nav_4_10_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_10_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4_10">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Language
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../advanced-attributes/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Advanced Attributes
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../builtin-constants/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Built-in Constants
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../builtins/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Built-in Functions
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../constructs/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Language Constructs
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../derivations/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Derivations
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../operators/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Operators
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../string-interpolation/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
String interpolation
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Data Types
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Data Types
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Table of contents
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#primitives" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Primitives
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Primitives">
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#type-string" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
String
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#type-number" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Number
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#type-path" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Path
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#type-boolean" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Boolean
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#type-null" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Null
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#list" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
List
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#attribute-set" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Attribute Set
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</nav>
|
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|
</li>
|
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</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
|
|
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|
|
<a href="../../protocols/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
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Protocols
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Release notes
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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NixOS
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Table of contents
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#primitives" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Primitives
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Primitives">
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<ul class="md-nav__list">
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<a href="#type-string" class="md-nav__link">
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String
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<a href="#type-number" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Number
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#type-path" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Path
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#type-boolean" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Boolean
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#type-null" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Null
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</li>
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</ul>
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<a href="#list" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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List
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#attribute-set" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Attribute Set
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
|
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<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
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<h1 id="data-types">Data Types</h1>
|
|
<h2 id="primitives">Primitives</h2>
|
|
<h3 id="type-string">String</h3>
|
|
<p><em>Strings</em> can be written in three ways.</p>
|
|
<p>The most common way is to enclose the string between double quotes,
|
|
e.g., <code>"foo bar"</code>. Strings can span multiple lines. The special
|
|
characters <code>"</code> and <code>and the character sequence `${` must be
|
|
escaped by prefixing them with a backslash (</code>). Newlines, carriage
|
|
returns and tabs can be written as <code>n</code>, <code>r</code> and <code>t</code>,
|
|
respectively.</p>
|
|
<p>You can include the results of other expressions into a string by enclosing them in <code>${ }</code>, a feature known as <a href="../string-interpolation/">string interpolation</a>.</p>
|
|
<p>The second way to write string literals is as an <em>indented string</em>,
|
|
which is enclosed between pairs of <em>double single-quotes</em>, like so:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="s s-Multiline">''</span>
|
|
<span class="s s-Multiline"> This is the first line.</span>
|
|
<span class="s s-Multiline"> This is the second line.</span>
|
|
<span class="s s-Multiline"> This is the third line.</span>
|
|
<span class="s s-Multiline">''</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>This kind of string literal intelligently strips indentation from
|
|
the start of each line. To be precise, it strips from each line a
|
|
number of spaces equal to the minimal indentation of the string as a
|
|
whole (disregarding the indentation of empty lines). For instance,
|
|
the first and second line are indented two spaces, while the third
|
|
line is indented four spaces. Thus, two spaces are stripped from
|
|
each line, so the resulting string is</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="s2">"This is the first line.nThis is the second line.n This is the third line.n"</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Note that the whitespace and newline following the opening <code>''</code> is
|
|
ignored if there is no non-whitespace text on the initial line.</p>
|
|
<p>Indented strings support <a href="../string-interpolation/">string interpolation</a>.</p>
|
|
<p>Since <code>${</code> and <code>''</code> have special meaning in indented strings, you
|
|
need a way to quote them. <code>$</code> can be escaped by prefixing it with
|
|
<code>''</code> (that is, two single quotes), i.e., <code>''$</code>. <code>''</code> can be escaped
|
|
by prefixing it with <code>'</code>, i.e., <code>'''</code>. <code>$</code> removes any special
|
|
meaning from the following <code>$</code>. Linefeed, carriage-return and tab
|
|
characters can be written as <code>''n</code>, <code>''r</code>, <code>''t</code>, and <code>''</code>
|
|
escapes any other character.</p>
|
|
<p>Indented strings are primarily useful in that they allow multi-line
|
|
string literals to follow the indentation of the enclosing Nix
|
|
expression, and that less escaping is typically necessary for
|
|
strings representing languages such as shell scripts and
|
|
configuration files because <code>''</code> is much less common than <code>"</code>.
|
|
Example:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>stdenv<span class="o">.</span>mkDerivation <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="o">...</span>
|
|
<span class="ss">postInstall</span> <span class="o">=</span>
|
|
<span class="s s-Multiline">''</span>
|
|
<span class="s s-Multiline"> mkdir $out/bin $out/etc</span>
|
|
<span class="s s-Multiline"> cp foo $out/bin</span>
|
|
<span class="s s-Multiline"> echo "Hello World" > $out/etc/foo.conf</span>
|
|
<span class="s s-Multiline"> </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="k">if</span> enableBar <span class="k">then</span> <span class="s2">"cp bar $out/bin"</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="s2">""</span><span class="si">}</span>
|
|
<span class="s s-Multiline"> ''</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
<span class="o">...</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Finally, as a convenience, <em>URIs</em> as defined in appendix B of
|
|
<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a> can be written <em>as
|
|
is</em>, without quotes. For instance, the string
|
|
<code>"http://example.org/foo.tar.bz2"</code> can also be written as
|
|
<code>http://example.org/foo.tar.bz2</code>.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="type-number">Number</h3>
|
|
<p>Numbers, which can be <em>integers</em> (like <code>123</code>) or <em>floating point</em>
|
|
(like <code>123.43</code> or <code>.27e13</code>).</p>
|
|
<p>See <a href="../operators/#arithmetic">arithmetic</a> and <a href="../operators/#comparison">comparison</a> operators for semantics.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="type-path">Path</h3>
|
|
<p><em>Paths</em>, e.g., <code>/bin/sh</code> or <code>./builder.sh</code>. A path must contain at
|
|
least one slash to be recognised as such. For instance, <code>builder.sh</code>
|
|
is not a path: it's parsed as an expression that selects the
|
|
attribute <code>sh</code> from the variable <code>builder</code>. If the file name is
|
|
relative, i.e., if it does not begin with a slash, it is made
|
|
absolute at parse time relative to the directory of the Nix
|
|
expression that contained it. For instance, if a Nix expression in
|
|
<code>/foo/bar/bla.nix</code> refers to <code>../xyzzy/fnord.nix</code>, the absolute path
|
|
is <code>/foo/xyzzy/fnord.nix</code>.</p>
|
|
<p>If the first component of a path is a <code>~</code>, it is interpreted as if
|
|
the rest of the path were relative to the user's home directory.
|
|
e.g. <code>~/foo</code> would be equivalent to <code>/home/edolstra/foo</code> for a user
|
|
whose home directory is <code>/home/edolstra</code>.</p>
|
|
<p>Paths can also be specified between angle brackets, e.g.
|
|
<code><nixpkgs></code>. This means that the directories listed in the
|
|
environment variable <code>NIX_PATH</code> will be searched for the given file
|
|
or directory name.</p>
|
|
<p>When an <a href="../string-interpolation/">interpolated string</a> evaluates to a path, the path is first copied into the Nix store and the resulting string is the <a href="../../glossary/#gloss-store-path">store path</a> of the newly created <a href="../../glossary/#gloss-store-object">store object</a>.</p>
|
|
<p>For instance, evaluating <code>"${./foo.txt}"</code> will cause <code>foo.txt</code> in the current directory to be copied into the Nix store and result in the string <code>"/nix/store/<hash>-foo.txt"</code>.</p>
|
|
<p>Note that the Nix language assumes that all input files will remain <em>unchanged</em> while evaluating a Nix expression.
|
|
For example, assume you used a file path in an interpolated string during a <code>nix repl</code> session.
|
|
Later in the same session, after having changed the file contents, evaluating the interpolated string with the file path again might not return a new store path, since Nix might not re-read the file contents.</p>
|
|
<p>Paths themselves, except those in angle brackets (<code>< ></code>), support <a href="../string-interpolation/">string interpolation</a>.</p>
|
|
<p>At least one slash (<code>/</code>) must appear <em>before</em> any interpolated expression for the result to be recognized as a path.</p>
|
|
<p><code>a.${foo}/b.${bar}</code> is a syntactically valid division operation.
|
|
<code>./a.${foo}/b.${bar}</code> is a path.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="type-boolean">Boolean</h3>
|
|
<p><em>Booleans</em> with values <code>true</code> and <code>false</code>.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="type-null">Null</h3>
|
|
<p>The null value, denoted as <code>null</code>.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="list">List</h2>
|
|
<p>Lists are formed by enclosing a whitespace-separated list of values
|
|
between square brackets. For example,</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="p">[</span> <span class="mi">123</span> <span class="l">./foo.nix</span> <span class="s2">"abc"</span> <span class="p">(</span>f <span class="p">{</span> <span class="ss">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> y<span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">})</span> <span class="p">]</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>defines a list of four elements, the last being the result of a call to
|
|
the function <code>f</code>. Note that function calls have to be enclosed in
|
|
parentheses. If they had been omitted, e.g.,</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="p">[</span> <span class="mi">123</span> <span class="l">./foo.nix</span> <span class="s2">"abc"</span> f <span class="p">{</span> <span class="ss">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> y<span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="p">]</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>the result would be a list of five elements, the fourth one being a
|
|
function and the fifth being a set.</p>
|
|
<p>Note that lists are only lazy in values, and they are strict in length.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="attribute-set">Attribute Set</h2>
|
|
<p>An attribute set is a collection of name-value-pairs (called <em>attributes</em>) enclosed in curly brackets (<code>{ }</code>).</p>
|
|
<p>An attribute name can be an identifier or a <a href="#string">string</a>.
|
|
An identifier must start with a letter (<code>a-z</code>, <code>A-Z</code>) or underscore (<code>_</code>), and can otherwise contain letters (<code>a-z</code>, <code>A-Z</code>), numbers (<code>0-9</code>), underscores (<code>_</code>), apostrophes (<code>'</code>), or dashes (<code>-</code>).</p>
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<p><em>name</em> = <em>identifier</em> | <em>string</em>
|
|
<em>identifier</em> ~ <code>[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_'-]*</code></p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
<p>Names and values are separated by an equal sign (<code>=</code>).
|
|
Each value is an arbitrary expression terminated by a semicolon (<code>;</code>).</p>
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<p><em>attrset</em> = <code>{</code> [ <em>name</em> <code>=</code> <em>expr</em> <code>;</code> <code>]</code>... <code>}</code></p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
<p>Attributes can appear in any order.
|
|
An attribute name may only occur once.</p>
|
|
<p>Example:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
<span class="ss">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">123</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
<span class="ss">text</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"Hello"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
<span class="ss">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> f <span class="p">{</span> <span class="ss">bla</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">456</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">};</span>
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>This defines a set with attributes named <code>x</code>, <code>text</code>, <code>y</code>.</p>
|
|
<p>Attributes can be accessed with the <a href="../operators/#attribute-selection"><code>.</code> operator</a>.</p>
|
|
<p>Example:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="p">{</span> <span class="ss">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"Foo"</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="ss">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"Bar"</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">}</span><span class="o">.</span>a
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>This evaluates to <code>"Foo"</code>.</p>
|
|
<p>It is possible to provide a default value in an attribute selection using the <code>or</code> keyword.</p>
|
|
<p>Example:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="p">{</span> <span class="ss">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"Foo"</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="ss">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"Bar"</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">}</span><span class="o">.</span>c <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="s2">"Xyzzy"</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="p">{</span> <span class="ss">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"Foo"</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="ss">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"Bar"</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">}</span><span class="o">.</span>c<span class="o">.</span>d<span class="o">.</span>e<span class="o">.</span>f<span class="o">.</span>g <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="s2">"Xyzzy"</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>will both evaluate to <code>"Xyzzy"</code> because there is no <code>c</code> attribute in the set.</p>
|
|
<p>You can use arbitrary double-quoted strings as attribute names:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="p">{</span> <span class="s2">"$!@#?"</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">123</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">}</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s2">"$!@#?"</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">let</span> <span class="ss">bar</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"bar"</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">in</span>
|
|
<span class="p">{</span> <span class="s2">"foo </span><span class="si">${</span>bar<span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">123</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">}</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s2">"foo </span><span class="si">${</span>bar<span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Both will evaluate to <code>123</code>.</p>
|
|
<p>Attribute names support <a href="../string-interpolation/">string interpolation</a>:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">let</span> <span class="ss">bar</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"foo"</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">in</span>
|
|
<span class="p">{</span> <span class="ss">foo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">123</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">}</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="si">${</span>bar<span class="si">}</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">let</span> <span class="ss">bar</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"foo"</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">in</span>
|
|
<span class="p">{</span> <span class="si">${</span>bar<span class="si">}</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">123</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">}</span><span class="o">.</span>foo
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Both will evaluate to <code>123</code>.</p>
|
|
<p>In the special case where an attribute name inside of a set declaration
|
|
evaluates to <code>null</code> (which is normally an error, as <code>null</code> cannot be coerced to
|
|
a string), that attribute is simply not added to the set:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="p">{</span> <span class="si">${</span><span class="k">if</span> foo <span class="k">then</span> <span class="s2">"bar"</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="no">null</span><span class="si">}</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="no">true</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>This will evaluate to <code>{}</code> if <code>foo</code> evaluates to <code>false</code>.</p>
|
|
<p>A set that has a <code>__functor</code> attribute whose value is callable (i.e. is
|
|
itself a function or a set with a <code>__functor</code> attribute whose value is
|
|
callable) can be applied as if it were a function, with the set itself
|
|
passed in first , e.g.,</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">let</span> <span class="ss">add</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="ss">__functor</span> <span class="o">=</span> self<span class="p">:</span> x<span class="p">:</span> x <span class="o">+</span> self<span class="o">.</span>x<span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">};</span>
|
|
<span class="ss">inc</span> <span class="o">=</span> add <span class="o">//</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="ss">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">};</span>
|
|
<span class="k">in</span> inc <span class="mi">1</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>evaluates to <code>2</code>. This can be used to attach metadata to a function
|
|
without the caller needing to treat it specially, or to implement a form
|
|
of object-oriented programming, for example.</p>
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