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|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Aux
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_4" checked>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a href="../../" class="md-nav__link ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Lix
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_4" id="__nav_4_label" tabindex="">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Lix
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../glossary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Glossary
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../quick-start/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Quick Start
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../Advanced-Topics/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Advanced Topics
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../Command-Reference/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Command Reference
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_4_6" checked>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a href="../" class="md-nav__link ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Package Management
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_4_6" id="__nav_4_6_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_6_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4_6">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Package Management
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Basic Package Management
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../binary-cache-substituter/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Serving a Nix store via HTTP
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../copy-closure/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Copying Closures via SSH
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../garbage-collection/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Garbage Collection
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../garbage-collector-roots/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Garbage Collector Roots
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../profiles/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Profiles
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../s3-substituter/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Serving a Nix store via S3
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../sharing-packages/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Sharing Packages Between Machines
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../ssh-substituter/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Serving a Nix store via SSH
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../architecture/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Architecture
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../contributing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Contributing
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../installation/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Installation
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../language/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Language
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../protocols/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Protocols
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a href="../../release-notes/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Release notes
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
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<a href="../../../NixOS/appstream/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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NixOS
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
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<a href="../../../Nixpkgs/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Nixpkgs
|
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</nav>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" >
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<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
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<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
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</nav>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
|
||
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h1 id="basic-package-management">Basic Package Management</h1>
|
||
<div class="admonition warning">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
|
||
<p>FIXME(Lix): This section does not document the most common modern practices in terms of avoiding channels, pinning, declarative software installation (see flakey-profile or home-manager or NixOS), or using flakes, etc.
|
||
It is, however, likely correct at a technical level.</p>
|
||
<p>For more information on modern practices, see the <a href="https://lix.systems/resources">resources</a> page on the Lix site.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>The main command for package management is
|
||
<a href="../../Command-Reference/nix-env/"><code>nix-env</code></a>. You can use it to install,
|
||
upgrade, and erase packages, and to query what packages are installed
|
||
or are available for installation.</p>
|
||
<p>In Nix systems, different users can have different “views” on the set of
|
||
installed applications. That is, there might be lots of applications
|
||
present on the system (possibly in many different versions), but users
|
||
can have a specific selection of those active — where “active” just
|
||
means that it appears in a directory in the user’s <code>PATH</code>. Such a view
|
||
on the set of installed applications is called a <em>user environment</em>,
|
||
which is just a directory tree consisting of symlinks to the files of
|
||
the active applications.</p>
|
||
<p>Components are installed from a set of <em>Nix expressions</em> that tell Lix
|
||
how to build those packages, including, if necessary, their
|
||
dependencies. There is a very large collection of Nix expressions called the
|
||
Nixpkgs package collection that contains packages ranging from basic
|
||
development stuff such as GCC and Glibc, to end-user applications like
|
||
Mozilla Firefox. (Lix is however not tied to the Nixpkgs package
|
||
collection; you could write your own Nix expressions based on Nixpkgs,
|
||
or completely new ones.)</p>
|
||
<p>You can manually download the latest version of Nixpkgs from
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs">https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs</a>. However, it’s much more
|
||
convenient to use the Nixpkgs <a href="../../Command-Reference/nix-channel/"><em>channel</em></a>, since it makes
|
||
it easy to stay up to date with new versions of Nixpkgs. Nixpkgs is
|
||
automatically added to your list of “subscribed” channels when you
|
||
install Lix. If this is not the case for some reason, you can add it
|
||
as follows:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">$ </span>nix-channel<span class="w"> </span>--add<span class="w"> </span>https://nixos.org/channels/nixpkgs-unstable
|
||
<span class="gp">$ </span>nix-channel<span class="w"> </span>--update
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>On NixOS, you’re automatically subscribed to a NixOS channel
|
||
corresponding to your NixOS major release (e.g.
|
||
<a href="http://nixos.org/channels/nixos-21.11">http://nixos.org/channels/nixos-21.11</a>). A NixOS channel is identical
|
||
to the Nixpkgs channel, except that it contains only Linux binaries
|
||
and is updated only if a set of regression tests succeed.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>You can view the set of available packages in Nixpkgs:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">$ </span>nix-env<span class="w"> </span>--query<span class="w"> </span>--available<span class="w"> </span>--attr-path
|
||
<span class="go">nixpkgs.aterm aterm-2.2</span>
|
||
<span class="go">nixpkgs.bash bash-3.0</span>
|
||
<span class="go">nixpkgs.binutils binutils-2.15</span>
|
||
<span class="go">nixpkgs.bison bison-1.875d</span>
|
||
<span class="go">nixpkgs.blackdown blackdown-1.4.2</span>
|
||
<span class="go">nixpkgs.bzip2 bzip2-1.0.2</span>
|
||
<span class="go">…</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>The flag <code>-q</code> specifies a query operation, <code>-a</code> means that you want
|
||
to show the “available” (i.e., installable) packages, as opposed to the
|
||
installed packages, and <code>-P</code> prints the attribute paths that can be used
|
||
to unambiguously select a package for installation (listed in the first column).
|
||
If you downloaded Nixpkgs yourself, or if you checked it out from GitHub,
|
||
then you need to pass the path to your Nixpkgs tree using the <code>-f</code> flag:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">$ </span>nix-env<span class="w"> </span>--query<span class="w"> </span>--available<span class="w"> </span>--attr-path<span class="w"> </span>--file<span class="w"> </span>/path/to/nixpkgs
|
||
<span class="go">aterm aterm-2.2</span>
|
||
<span class="go">bash bash-3.0</span>
|
||
<span class="go">…</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>where <em>/path/to/nixpkgs</em> is where you’ve unpacked or checked out
|
||
Nixpkgs.</p>
|
||
<p>You can filter the packages by name:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">$ </span>nix-env<span class="w"> </span>--query<span class="w"> </span>--available<span class="w"> </span>--attr-path<span class="w"> </span>firefox
|
||
<span class="go">nixpkgs.firefox-esr firefox-91.3.0esr</span>
|
||
<span class="go">nixpkgs.firefox firefox-94.0.1</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>and using regular expressions:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">$ </span>nix-env<span class="w"> </span>--query<span class="w"> </span>--available<span class="w"> </span>--attr-path<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'firefox.*'</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>It is also possible to see the <em>status</em> of available packages, i.e.,
|
||
whether they are installed into the user environment and/or present in
|
||
the system:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">$ </span>nix-env<span class="w"> </span>--query<span class="w"> </span>--available<span class="w"> </span>--attr-path<span class="w"> </span>--status
|
||
<span class="go">…</span>
|
||
<span class="go">-PS nixpkgs.bash bash-3.0</span>
|
||
<span class="go">--S nixpkgs.binutils binutils-2.15</span>
|
||
<span class="go">IPS nixpkgs.bison bison-1.875d</span>
|
||
<span class="go">…</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>The first character (<code>I</code>) indicates whether the package is installed in
|
||
your current user environment. The second (<code>P</code>) indicates whether it is
|
||
present on your system (in which case installing it into your user
|
||
environment would be a very quick operation). The last one (<code>S</code>)
|
||
indicates whether there is a so-called <em>substitute</em> for the package,
|
||
which is Nix’s mechanism for doing binary deployment. It just means that
|
||
Lix knows that it can fetch a pre-built package from somewhere
|
||
(typically a network server) instead of building it locally.</p>
|
||
<p>You can install a package using <code>nix-env --install --attr</code>. For instance,</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">$ </span>nix-env<span class="w"> </span>--install<span class="w"> </span>--attr<span class="w"> </span>nixpkgs.subversion
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>will install the package called <code>subversion</code> from <code>nixpkgs</code> channel (which is, of course, the
|
||
<a href="http://subversion.tigris.org/">Subversion version management system</a>).</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>When you ask Lix to install a package, it will first try to get it in
|
||
pre-compiled form from a <em>binary cache</em>. By default, Lix will use the
|
||
binary cache <a href="https://cache.nixos.org">https://cache.nixos.org</a>; it contains binaries for most
|
||
packages in Nixpkgs. Only if no binary is available in the binary
|
||
cache, Lix will build the package from source. So if <code>nix-env
|
||
-iA nixpkgs.subversion</code> results in Lix building stuff from source, then either
|
||
the package is not built for your platform by the Nixpkgs build
|
||
servers, or your version of Nixpkgs is too old or too new. For
|
||
instance, if you have a very recent checkout of Nixpkgs, then the
|
||
Nixpkgs build servers may not have had a chance to build everything
|
||
and upload the resulting binaries to <a href="https://cache.nixos.org">https://cache.nixos.org</a>. The
|
||
Nixpkgs channel is only updated after all binaries have been uploaded
|
||
to the cache, so if you stick to the Nixpkgs channel (rather than
|
||
using a Git checkout of the Nixpkgs tree), you will get binaries for
|
||
most packages.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Naturally, packages can also be uninstalled. Unlike when installing, you will
|
||
need to use the derivation name (though the version part can be omitted),
|
||
instead of the attribute path, as <code>nix-env</code> does not record which attribute
|
||
was used for installing:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">$ </span>nix-env<span class="w"> </span>--uninstall<span class="w"> </span>subversion
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>Upgrading to a new version is just as easy. If you have a new release of
|
||
nixpkgs, you can do:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">$ </span>nix-env<span class="w"> </span>--upgrade<span class="w"> </span>--attr<span class="w"> </span>nixpkgs.subversion
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>This will <em>only</em> upgrade Subversion if there is a “newer” version in the
|
||
new set of Nix expressions, as defined by some pretty arbitrary rules
|
||
regarding ordering of version numbers (which generally do what you’d
|
||
expect of them). To just unconditionally replace Subversion with
|
||
whatever version is in the Nix expressions, use <code>-i</code> instead of <code>-u</code>;
|
||
<code>-i</code> will remove whatever version is already installed.</p>
|
||
<p>You can also upgrade all packages for which there are newer versions:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">$ </span>nix-env<span class="w"> </span>--upgrade
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>Sometimes it’s useful to be able to ask what <code>nix-env</code> would do, without
|
||
actually doing it. For instance, to find out what packages would be
|
||
upgraded by <code>nix-env --upgrade</code>, you can do</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">$ </span>nix-env<span class="w"> </span>--upgrade<span class="w"> </span>--dry-run
|
||
<span class="gp gp-VirtualEnv">(dry run; not doing anything)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">upgrading `libxslt-1.1.0' to `libxslt-1.1.10'</span>
|
||
<span class="go">upgrading `graphviz-1.10' to `graphviz-1.12'</span>
|
||
<span class="go">upgrading `coreutils-5.0' to `coreutils-5.2.1'</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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</article>
|
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</div>
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