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<a href="../../../Aux/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Aux
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_4" checked>
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
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<a href="../../" class="md-nav__link ">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Lix
|
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_4" id="__nav_4_label" tabindex="">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Lix
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../glossary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Glossary
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../quick-start/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Quick Start
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
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<a href="../../Advanced-Topics/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Advanced Topics
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
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<a href="../../Command-Reference/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Command Reference
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
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<a href="../../Package-Management/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Package Management
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
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<a href="../../architecture/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Architecture
|
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
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<a href="../../contributing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Contributing
|
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
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<a href="../../installation/" class="md-nav__link">
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Installation
|
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
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<a href="../../language/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Language
|
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
|
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<a href="../../protocols/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Protocols
|
|
</span>
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_4_12" checked>
|
|
|
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|
|
|
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
|
<a href="../" class="md-nav__link ">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release notes
|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
|
</a>
|
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|
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|
|
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_4_12" id="__nav_4_12_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
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|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_12_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4_12">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Release notes
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-0.10.1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 0.10.1 (2006-10-11)
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-0.10/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 0.10 (2006-10-06)
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-0.11/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 0.11 (2007-12-31)
|
|
</span>
|
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|
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</a>
|
|
</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-0.12/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 0.12 (2008-11-20)
|
|
</span>
|
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|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-0.13/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 0.13 (2009-11-05)
|
|
</span>
|
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|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-0.14/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 0.14 (2010-02-04)
|
|
</span>
|
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|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-0.15/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 0.15 (2010-03-17)
|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-0.16/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 0.16 (2010-08-17)
|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-0.5/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 0.5 and earlier
|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-0.6/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 0.6 (2004-11-14)
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../rl-0.7/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 0.7 (2005-01-12)
|
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</span>
|
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|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-0.8.1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 0.8.1 (2005-04-13)
|
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</span>
|
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|
|
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-0.8/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 0.8 (2005-04-11)
|
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</span>
|
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|
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-0.9.1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 0.9.1 (2005-09-20)
|
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</span>
|
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|
|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-0.9.2/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 0.9.2 (2005-09-21)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-0.9/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 0.9 (2005-09-16)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-1.0/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 1.0 (2012-05-11)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-1.1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 1.1 (2012-07-18)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-1.10/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 1.10 (2015-09-03)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-1.11.10/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 1.11.10 (2017-06-12)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-1.11/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 1.11 (2016-01-19)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-1.2/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 1.2 (2012-12-06)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-1.3/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 1.3 (2013-01-04)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-1.4/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 1.4 (2013-02-26)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-1.5.2/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 1.5.2 (2013-05-13)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-1.5/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 1.5 (2013-02-27)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-1.6.1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 1.6.1 (2013-10-28)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-1.6/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 1.6 (2013-09-10)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-1.7/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 1.7 (2014-04-11)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-1.8/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 1.8 (2014-12-14)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-1.9/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 1.9 (2015-06-12)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-2.0/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 2.0 (2018-02-22)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-2.1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 2.1 (2018-09-02)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-2.10/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 2.10 (2022-07-11)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-2.11/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 2.11 (2022-08-24)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-2.12/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 2.12 (2022-12-06)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-2.13/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 2.13 (2023-01-17)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-2.14/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 2.14 (2023-02-28)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-2.15/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 2.15 (2023-04-11)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-2.16/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 2.16 (2023-05-31)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-2.17/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 2.17 (2023-07-24)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-2.18/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 2.18 (2023-09-20)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-2.2/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 2.2 (2019-01-11)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-2.3/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 2.3 (2019-09-04)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
|
|
|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 2.4 (2021-11-01)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Release 2.4 (2021-11-01)
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Table of contents
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#highlights" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Highlights
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#other-features" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Other features
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#incompatible-changes" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Incompatible changes
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#contributors" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Contributors
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</nav>
|
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|
|
</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../rl-2.5/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Release 2.5 (2021-12-13)
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../rl-2.6/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Release 2.6 (2022-01-24)
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../rl-2.7/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Release 2.7 (2022-03-07)
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../rl-2.8/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Release 2.8 (2022-04-19)
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../rl-2.9/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Release 2.9 (2022-05-30)
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../rl-2.90/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Lix 2.90 "Vanilla Ice Cream" (2024-07-10)
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
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<a href="../../../NixOS/appstream/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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NixOS
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
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<a href="../../../Nixpkgs/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Nixpkgs
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</a>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" >
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<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
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<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Table of contents
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#highlights" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Highlights
|
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</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#other-features" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Other features
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#incompatible-changes" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Incompatible changes
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#contributors" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Contributors
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
</ul>
|
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|
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</nav>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
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<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
|
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<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h1 id="release-24-2021-11-01">Release 2.4 (2021-11-01)</h1>
|
|
<p>This is the first release in more than two years and is the result of
|
|
more than 2800 commits from 195 contributors since release 2.3.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="highlights">Highlights</h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Nix's <strong>error messages</strong> have been improved a lot. For instance,
|
|
evaluation errors now point out the location of the error:</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$ nix build
|
|
error: undefined variable 'bzip3'
|
|
|
|
at /nix/store/449lv242z0zsgwv95a8124xi11sp419f-source/flake.nix:88:13:
|
|
|
|
87| [ curl
|
|
88| bzip3 xz brotli editline
|
|
| ^
|
|
89| openssl sqlite
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The <strong><code>nix</code> command</strong> has seen a lot of work and is now almost at
|
|
feature parity with the old command-line interface (the <code>nix-*</code>
|
|
commands). It aims to be <a href="../../contributing/cli-guideline/">more modern, consistent and pleasant to
|
|
use</a> than the old CLI. It is still
|
|
marked as experimental but its interface should not change much
|
|
anymore in future releases.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><strong>Flakes</strong> are a new format to package Nix-based projects in a more
|
|
discoverable, composable, consistent and reproducible way. A flake
|
|
is just a repository or tarball containing a file named <code>flake.nix</code>
|
|
that specifies dependencies on other flakes and returns any Nix
|
|
assets such as packages, Nixpkgs overlays, NixOS modules or CI
|
|
tests. The new <code>nix</code> CLI is primarily based around flakes; for
|
|
example, a command like <code>nix run nixpkgs#hello</code> runs the <code>hello</code>
|
|
application from the <code>nixpkgs</code> flake.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>Flakes are currently marked as experimental. For an introduction,
|
|
see <a href="https://www.tweag.io/blog/2020-05-25-flakes/">this blog
|
|
post</a>. For detailed
|
|
information about flake syntax and semantics, see the <a href="../../Command-Reference/New-CLI/nix3-flake/"><code>nix flake</code>
|
|
manual page</a>.</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Nix's store can now be <strong>content-addressed</strong>, meaning that the hash
|
|
component of a store path is the hash of the path's
|
|
contents. Previously Nix could only build <strong>input-addressed</strong> store
|
|
paths, where the hash is computed from the derivation dependency
|
|
graph. Content-addressing allows deduplication, early cutoff in
|
|
build systems, and unprivileged closure copying. This is still <a href="https://discourse.nixos.org/t/content-addressed-nix-call-for-testers/12881">an
|
|
experimental
|
|
feature</a>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The Nix manual has been converted into Markdown, making it easier to
|
|
contribute. In addition, every <code>nix</code> subcommand now has a manual
|
|
page, documenting every option.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>A new setting that allows <strong>experimental features</strong> to be enabled
|
|
selectively. This allows us to merge unstable features into Nix more
|
|
quickly and do more frequent releases.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3 id="other-features">Other features</h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>There are many new <code>nix</code> subcommands:</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>nix develop</code> is intended to replace <code>nix-shell</code>. It has a number
|
|
of new features:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>It automatically sets the output environment variables (such as
|
|
<code>$out</code>) to writable locations (such as <code>./outputs/out</code>).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>It can store the environment in a profile. This is useful for
|
|
offline work.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>It can run specific phases directly. For instance, <code>nix develop
|
|
--build</code> runs <code>buildPhase</code>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>It allows dependencies in the Nix store to be "redirected" to
|
|
arbitrary directories using the <code>--redirect</code> flag. This is
|
|
useful if you want to hack on a package <em>and</em> some of its
|
|
dependencies at the same time.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>nix print-dev-env</code> prints the environment variables and bash
|
|
functions defined by a derivation. This is useful for users of
|
|
other shells than bash (especially with <code>--json</code>).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>nix shell</code> was previously named <code>nix run</code> and is intended to
|
|
replace <code>nix-shell -p</code>, but without the <code>stdenv</code> overhead. It
|
|
simply starts a shell where some packages have been added to
|
|
<code>$PATH</code>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>nix run</code> (not to be confused with the old subcommand that has
|
|
been renamed to <code>nix shell</code>) runs an "app", a flake output that
|
|
specifies a command to run, or an eponymous program from a
|
|
package. For example, <code>nix run nixpkgs#hello</code> runs the <code>hello</code>
|
|
program from the <code>hello</code> package in <code>nixpkgs</code>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>nix flake</code> is the container for flake-related operations, such as
|
|
creating a new flake, querying the contents of a flake or updating
|
|
flake lock files.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>nix registry</code> allows you to query and update the flake registry,
|
|
which maps identifiers such as <code>nixpkgs</code> to concrete flake URLs.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>nix profile</code> is intended to replace <code>nix-env</code>. Its main advantage
|
|
is that it keeps track of the provenance of installed packages
|
|
(e.g. exactly which flake version a package came from). It also
|
|
has some helpful subcommands:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>nix profile history</code> shows what packages were added, upgraded
|
|
or removed between each version of a profile.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>nix profile diff-closures</code> shows the changes between the
|
|
closures of each version of a profile. This allows you to
|
|
discover the addition or removal of dependencies or size
|
|
changes.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p><strong>Warning</strong>: after a profile has been updated using <code>nix profile</code>,
|
|
it is no longer usable with <code>nix-env</code>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>nix store diff-closures</code> shows the differences between the
|
|
closures of two store paths in terms of the versions and sizes of
|
|
dependencies in the closures.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>nix store make-content-addressable</code> rewrites an arbitrary closure
|
|
to make it content-addressed. Such paths can be copied into other
|
|
stores without requiring signatures.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>nix bundle</code> uses the <a href="https://github.com/matthewbauer/nix-bundle"><code>nix-bundle</code>
|
|
program</a> to convert a
|
|
closure into a self-extracting executable.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Various other replacements for the old CLI, e.g. <code>nix store gc</code>,
|
|
<code>nix store delete</code>, <code>nix store repair</code>, <code>nix nar dump-path</code>, <code>nix
|
|
store prefetch-file</code>, <code>nix store prefetch-tarball</code>, <code>nix key</code> and
|
|
<code>nix daemon</code>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Nix now has an <strong>evaluation cache</strong> for flake outputs. For example,
|
|
a second invocation of the command <code>nix run nixpkgs#firefox</code> will
|
|
not need to evaluate the <code>firefox</code> attribute because it's already in
|
|
the evaluation cache. This is made possible by the hermetic
|
|
evaluation model of flakes.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The new <code>--offline</code> flag disables substituters and causes all
|
|
locally cached tarballs and repositories to be considered
|
|
up-to-date.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The new <code>--refresh</code> flag causes all locally cached tarballs and
|
|
repositories to be considered out-of-date.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Many <code>nix</code> subcommands now have a <code>--json</code> option to produce
|
|
machine-readable output.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>nix repl</code> has a new <code>:doc</code> command to show documentation about
|
|
builtin functions (e.g. <code>:doc builtins.map</code>).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Binary cache stores now have an option <code>index-debug-info</code> to create
|
|
an index of DWARF debuginfo files for use by
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/edolstra/dwarffs"><code>dwarffs</code></a>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>To support flakes, Nix now has an extensible mechanism for fetching
|
|
source trees. Currently it has the following backends:</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Git repositories</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Mercurial repositories</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>GitHub and GitLab repositories (an optimisation for faster
|
|
fetching than Git)</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Tarballs</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Arbitrary directories</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>The fetcher infrastructure is exposed via flake input specifications
|
|
and via the <code>fetchTree</code> built-in.</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><strong>Languages changes</strong>: the only new language feature is that you can
|
|
now have antiquotations in paths, e.g. <code>./${foo}</code> instead of <code>./. +
|
|
foo</code>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><strong>New built-in functions</strong>:</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>builtins.fetchTree</code> allows fetching a source tree using any
|
|
backends supported by the fetcher infrastructure. It subsumes the
|
|
functionality of existing built-ins like <code>fetchGit</code>,
|
|
<code>fetchMercurial</code> and <code>fetchTarball</code>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>builtins.getFlake</code> fetches a flake and returns its output
|
|
attributes. This function should not be used inside flakes! Use
|
|
flake inputs instead.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>builtins.floor</code> and <code>builtins.ceil</code> round a floating-point number
|
|
down and up, respectively.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Experimental support for recursive Nix. This means that Nix
|
|
derivations can now call Nix to build other derivations. This is not
|
|
in a stable state yet and not well
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nix/commit/c4d7c76b641d82b2696fef73ce0ac160043c18da">documented</a>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The new experimental feature <code>no-url-literals</code> disables URL
|
|
literals. This helps to implement <a href="https://github.com/NixOS/rfcs/pull/45">RFC
|
|
45</a>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Nix now uses <code>libarchive</code> to decompress and unpack tarballs and zip
|
|
files, so <code>tar</code> is no longer required.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The priority of substituters can now be overridden using the
|
|
<code>priority</code> substituter setting (e.g. <code>--substituters
|
|
'http://cache.nixos.org?priority=100 daemon?priority=10'</code>).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>nix edit</code> now supports non-derivation attributes, e.g. <code>nix edit
|
|
.#nixosConfigurations.bla</code>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The <code>nix</code> command now provides command line completion for <code>bash</code>,
|
|
<code>zsh</code> and <code>fish</code>. Since the support for getting completions is built
|
|
into <code>nix</code>, it's easy to add support for other shells.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The new <code>--log-format</code> flag selects what Nix's output looks like. It
|
|
defaults to a terse progress indicator. There is a new
|
|
<code>internal-json</code> output format for use by other programs.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>nix eval</code> has a new <code>--apply</code> flag that applies a function to the
|
|
evaluation result.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>nix eval</code> has a new <code>--write-to</code> flag that allows it to write a
|
|
nested attribute set of string leaves to a corresponding directory
|
|
tree.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Memory improvements: many operations that add paths to the store or
|
|
copy paths between stores now run in constant memory.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Many <code>nix</code> commands now support the flag <code>--derivation</code> to operate
|
|
on a <code>.drv</code> file itself instead of its outputs.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>There is a new store called <code>dummy://</code> that does not support
|
|
building or adding paths. This is useful if you want to use the Nix
|
|
evaluator but don't have a Nix store.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The <code>ssh-ng://</code> store now allows substituting paths on the remote,
|
|
as <code>ssh://</code> already did.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>When auto-calling a function with an ellipsis, all arguments are now
|
|
passed.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>New <code>nix-shell</code> features:</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>It preserves the <code>PS1</code> environment variable if
|
|
<code>NIX_SHELL_PRESERVE_PROMPT</code> is set.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>With <code>-p</code>, it passes any <code>--arg</code>s as Nixpkgs arguments.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Support for structured attributes.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>nix-prefetch-url</code> has a new <code>--executable</code> flag.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>On <code>x86_64</code> systems, <a href="https://lwn.net/Articles/844831/"><code>x86_64</code> microarchitecture
|
|
levels</a> are mapped to additional
|
|
system types (e.g. <code>x86_64-v1-linux</code>).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The new <code>--eval-store</code> flag allows you to use a different store for
|
|
evaluation than for building or storing the build result. This is
|
|
primarily useful when you want to query whether something exists in
|
|
a read-only store, such as a binary cache:</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>## nix path-info --json --store https://cache.nixos.org
|
|
--eval-store auto nixpkgs#hello
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>(Here <code>auto</code> indicates the local store.)</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The Nix daemon has a new low-latency mechanism for copying
|
|
closures. This is useful when building on remote stores such as
|
|
<code>ssh-ng://</code>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Plugins can now register <code>nix</code> subcommands.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The <code>--indirect</code> flag to <code>nix-store --add-root</code> has become a no-op.
|
|
<code>--add-root</code> will always generate indirect GC roots from now on.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3 id="incompatible-changes">Incompatible changes</h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>The <code>nix</code> command is now marked as an experimental feature. This
|
|
means that you need to add</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>experimental-features = nix-command
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>to your <code>nix.conf</code> if you want to use it, or pass
|
|
<code>--extra-experimental-features nix-command</code> on the command line.</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>The <code>nix</code> command no longer has a syntax for referring to packages
|
|
in a channel. This means that the following no longer works:</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">nix build nixpkgs.hello ## Nix 2.3</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Instead, you can either use the <code>#</code> syntax to select a package from
|
|
a flake, e.g.</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">nix build nixpkgs#hello</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Or, if you want to use the <code>nixpkgs</code> channel in the <code>NIX_PATH</code>
|
|
environment variable:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">nix build -f '<nixpkgs>' hello</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>The old <code>nix run</code> has been renamed to <code>nix shell</code>, while there is a
|
|
new <code>nix run</code> that runs a default command. So instead of</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">nix run nixpkgs.hello -c hello ## Nix 2.3</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>you should use</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">nix shell nixpkgs#hello -c hello</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>or just</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">nix run nixpkgs#hello</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>if the command you want to run has the same name as the package.</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>It is now an error to modify the <code>plugin-files</code> setting via a
|
|
command-line flag that appears after the first non-flag argument to
|
|
any command, including a subcommand to <code>nix</code>. For example,
|
|
<code>nix-instantiate default.nix --plugin-files ""</code> must now become
|
|
<code>nix-instantiate --plugin-files "" default.nix</code>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>We no longer release source tarballs. If you want to build from
|
|
source, please build from the tags in the Git repository.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3 id="contributors">Contributors</h3>
|
|
<p>This release has contributions from
|
|
Adam Höse,
|
|
Albert Safin,
|
|
Alex Kovar,
|
|
Alex Zero,
|
|
Alexander Bantyev,
|
|
Alexandre Esteves,
|
|
Alyssa Ross,
|
|
Anatole Lucet,
|
|
Anders Kaseorg,
|
|
Andreas Rammhold,
|
|
Antoine Eiche,
|
|
Antoine Martin,
|
|
Arnout Engelen,
|
|
Arthur Gautier,
|
|
aszlig,
|
|
Ben Burdette,
|
|
Benjamin Hipple,
|
|
Bernardo Meurer,
|
|
Björn Gohla,
|
|
Bjørn Forsman,
|
|
Bob van der Linden,
|
|
Brian Leung,
|
|
Brian McKenna,
|
|
Brian Wignall,
|
|
Bruce Toll,
|
|
Bryan Richter,
|
|
Calle Rosenquist,
|
|
Calvin Loncaric,
|
|
Carlo Nucera,
|
|
Carlos D'Agostino,
|
|
Chaz Schlarp,
|
|
Christian Höppner,
|
|
Christian Kampka,
|
|
Chua Hou,
|
|
Chuck,
|
|
Cole Helbling,
|
|
Daiderd Jordan,
|
|
Dan Callahan,
|
|
Dani,
|
|
Daniel Fitzpatrick,
|
|
Danila Fedorin,
|
|
Daniël de Kok,
|
|
Danny Bautista,
|
|
DavHau,
|
|
David McFarland,
|
|
Dima,
|
|
Domen Kožar,
|
|
Dominik Schrempf,
|
|
Dominique Martinet,
|
|
dramforever,
|
|
Dustin DeWeese,
|
|
edef,
|
|
Eelco Dolstra,
|
|
Ellie Hermaszewska,
|
|
Emilio Karakey,
|
|
Emily,
|
|
Eric Culp,
|
|
Ersin Akinci,
|
|
Fabian Möller,
|
|
Farid Zakaria,
|
|
Federico Pellegrin,
|
|
Finn Behrens,
|
|
Florian Franzen,
|
|
Félix Baylac-Jacqué,
|
|
Gabriella Gonzalez,
|
|
Geoff Reedy,
|
|
Georges Dubus,
|
|
Graham Christensen,
|
|
Greg Hale,
|
|
Greg Price,
|
|
Gregor Kleen,
|
|
Gregory Hale,
|
|
Griffin Smith,
|
|
Guillaume Bouchard,
|
|
Harald van Dijk,
|
|
illustris,
|
|
Ivan Zvonimir Horvat,
|
|
Jade,
|
|
Jake Waksbaum,
|
|
jakobrs,
|
|
James Ottaway,
|
|
Jan Tojnar,
|
|
Janne Heß,
|
|
Jaroslavas Pocepko,
|
|
Jarrett Keifer,
|
|
Jeremy Schlatter,
|
|
Joachim Breitner,
|
|
Joe Pea,
|
|
John Ericson,
|
|
Jonathan Ringer,
|
|
Josef Kemetmüller,
|
|
Joseph Lucas,
|
|
Jude Taylor,
|
|
Julian Stecklina,
|
|
Julien Tanguy,
|
|
Jörg Thalheim,
|
|
Kai Wohlfahrt,
|
|
keke,
|
|
Keshav Kini,
|
|
Kevin Quick,
|
|
Kevin Stock,
|
|
Kjetil Orbekk,
|
|
Krzysztof Gogolewski,
|
|
kvtb,
|
|
Lars Mühmel,
|
|
Leonhard Markert,
|
|
Lily Ballard,
|
|
Linus Heckemann,
|
|
Lorenzo Manacorda,
|
|
Lucas Desgouilles,
|
|
Lucas Franceschino,
|
|
Lucas Hoffmann,
|
|
Luke Granger-Brown,
|
|
Madeline Haraj,
|
|
Marwan Aljubeh,
|
|
Mat Marini,
|
|
Mateusz Piotrowski,
|
|
Matthew Bauer,
|
|
Matthew Kenigsberg,
|
|
Mauricio Scheffer,
|
|
Maximilian Bosch,
|
|
Michael Adler,
|
|
Michael Bishop,
|
|
Michael Fellinger,
|
|
Michael Forney,
|
|
Michael Reilly,
|
|
mlatus,
|
|
Mykola Orliuk,
|
|
Nathan van Doorn,
|
|
Naïm Favier,
|
|
ng0,
|
|
Nick Van den Broeck,
|
|
Nicolas Stig124 Formichella,
|
|
Niels Egberts,
|
|
Niklas Hambüchen,
|
|
Nikola Knezevic,
|
|
oxalica,
|
|
p01arst0rm,
|
|
Pamplemousse,
|
|
Patrick Hilhorst,
|
|
Paul Opiyo,
|
|
Pavol Rusnak,
|
|
Peter Kolloch,
|
|
Philipp Bartsch,
|
|
Philipp Middendorf,
|
|
Piotr Szubiakowski,
|
|
Profpatsch,
|
|
Puck Meerburg,
|
|
Ricardo M. Correia,
|
|
Rickard Nilsson,
|
|
Robert Hensing,
|
|
Robin Gloster,
|
|
Rodrigo,
|
|
Rok Garbas,
|
|
Ronnie Ebrin,
|
|
Rovanion Luckey,
|
|
Ryan Burns,
|
|
Ryan Mulligan,
|
|
Ryne Everett,
|
|
Sam Doshi,
|
|
Sam Lidder,
|
|
Samir Talwar,
|
|
Samuel Dionne-Riel,
|
|
Sebastian Ullrich,
|
|
Sergei Trofimovich,
|
|
Sevan Janiyan,
|
|
Shao Cheng,
|
|
Shea Levy,
|
|
Silvan Mosberger,
|
|
Stefan Frijters,
|
|
Stefan Jaax,
|
|
sternenseemann,
|
|
Steven Shaw,
|
|
Stéphan Kochen,
|
|
SuperSandro2000,
|
|
Suraj Barkale,
|
|
Taeer Bar-Yam,
|
|
Thomas Churchman,
|
|
Théophane Hufschmitt,
|
|
Timothy DeHerrera,
|
|
Timothy Klim,
|
|
Tobias Möst,
|
|
Tobias Pflug,
|
|
Tom Bereknyei,
|
|
Travis A. Everett,
|
|
Ujjwal Jain,
|
|
Vladimír Čunát,
|
|
Wil Taylor,
|
|
Will Dietz,
|
|
Yaroslav Bolyukin,
|
|
Yestin L. Harrison,
|
|
YI,
|
|
Yorick van Pelt,
|
|
Yuriy Taraday and
|
|
zimbatm.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</article>
|
|
</div>
|
|
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|
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