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nix-store --restore
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<h1 id="nix-store-verify-path"><code>nix-store --verify-path</code></h1>
<p>Check path contents against Nix database.</p>
<h3 id="synopsis">Synopsis</h3>
<p><code>nix-store</code> <code>--verify-path</code> <em>paths…</em></p>
<h3 id="description">Description</h3>
<p>The operation <code>--verify-path</code> compares the contents of the given store
paths to their cryptographic hashes stored in Nix’s database. For every
changed path, it prints a warning message. The exit status is 0 if no
path has changed, and 1 otherwise.</p>
<h2 id="options">Options</h2>
<p>The following options are allowed for all <code>nix-store</code> operations, but may not always have an effect.</p>
<ul>
<li><span id="opt-add-root"><a href="#opt-add-root"><code>--add-root</code></a></span> <em>path</em></li>
</ul>
<p>Causes the result of a realisation (<code>--realise</code> and
<code>--force-realise</code>) to be registered as a root of the garbage
collector. <em>path</em> will be created as a symlink to the resulting
store path. In addition, a uniquely named symlink to <em>path</em> will
be created in <code>/nix/var/nix/gcroots/auto/</code>. For instance,</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">$ </span>nix-store<span class="w"> </span>--add-root<span class="w"> </span>/home/eelco/bla/result<span class="w"> </span>--realise<span class="w"> </span>...
<span class="gp">$ </span>ls<span class="w"> </span>-l<span class="w"> </span>/nix/var/nix/gcroots/auto
<span class="go">lrwxrwxrwx 1 ... 2005-03-13 21:10 dn54lcypm8f8... -&gt; /home/eelco/bla/result</span>
<span class="gp">$ </span>ls<span class="w"> </span>-l<span class="w"> </span>/home/eelco/bla/result
<span class="go">lrwxrwxrwx 1 ... 2005-03-13 21:10 /home/eelco/bla/result -&gt; /nix/store/1r11343n6qd4...-f-spot-0.0.10</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Thus, when <code>/home/eelco/bla/result</code> is removed, the GC root in the
<code>auto</code> directory becomes a dangling symlink and will be ignored by
the collector.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p>Note that it is not possible to move or rename GC roots, since
the symlink in the <code>auto</code> directory will still point to the old
location.</p>
</div>
<p>If there are multiple results, then multiple symlinks will be
created by sequentially numbering symlinks beyond the first one
(e.g., <code>foo</code>, <code>foo-2</code>, <code>foo-3</code>, and so on).</p>
<h2 id="common-options">Common Options</h2>
<p>Most commands in Lix accept the following command-line options:</p>
<ul>
<li><span id="opt-help"><a href="#opt-help"><code>--help</code></a></span></li>
</ul>
<p>Prints out a summary of the command syntax and exits.</p>
<ul>
<li><span id="opt-version"><a href="#opt-version"><code>--version</code></a></span></li>
</ul>
<p>Prints out the Lix version number on standard output and exits.</p>
<ul>
<li><span id="opt-verbose"><a href="#opt-verbose"><code>--verbose</code></a></span> / <code>-v</code></li>
</ul>
<p>Increases the level of verbosity of diagnostic messages printed on standard error.
For each Lix operation, the information printed on standard output is well-defined;
any diagnostic information is printed on standard error, never on standard output.</p>
<p>This option may be specified repeatedly.
Currently, the following verbosity levels exist:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>0</code> “Errors only”</p>
<p>Only print messages explaining why the Lix invocation failed.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>1</code> “Informational”</p>
<p>Print <em>useful</em> messages about what Lix is doing.
This is the default.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>2</code> “Talkative”</p>
<p>Print more informational messages.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>3</code> “Chatty”</p>
<p>Print even more informational messages.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>4</code> “Debug”</p>
<p>Print debug information.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>5</code> “Vomit”</p>
<p>Print vast amounts of debug information.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span id="opt-quiet"><a href="#opt-quiet"><code>--quiet</code></a></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Decreases the level of verbosity of diagnostic messages printed on standard error.
This is the inverse option to <code>-v</code> / <code>--verbose</code>.</p>
<p>This option may be specified repeatedly.
See the previous verbosity levels list.</p>
<ul>
<li><span id="opt-log-format"><a href="#opt-log-format"><code>--log-format</code></a></span> <em>format</em></li>
</ul>
<p>This option can be used to change the output of the log format, with <em>format</em> being one of:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>raw</code></p>
<p>This is the raw format, as outputted by nix-build.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>internal-json</code></p>
<p>Outputs the logs in a structured manner.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p>While the schema itself is relatively stable, the format of
the error-messages (namely of the <code>msg</code>-field) can change
between releases.</p>
</div>
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>bar</code></p>
<p>Only display a progress bar during the builds.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>bar-with-logs</code></p>
<p>Display the raw logs, with the progress bar at the bottom.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span id="opt-no-build-output"><a href="#opt-no-build-output"><code>--no-build-output</code></a></span> / <code>-Q</code></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>By default, output written by builders to standard output and standard error is echoed to the Lix command's standard error.
This option suppresses this behaviour.
Note that the builder's standard output and error are always written to a log file in <code>prefix/nix/var/log/nix</code>.</p>
<ul>
<li><span id="opt-max-jobs"><a href="#opt-max-jobs"><code>--max-jobs</code></a></span> / <code>-j</code> <em>number</em></li>
</ul>
<p>Sets the maximum number of build jobs that Lix will perform in parallel to the specified number.
Specify <code>auto</code> to use the number of CPUs in the system.
The default is specified by the <code>max-jobs</code> configuration setting, which itself defaults to <code>1</code>.
A higher value is useful on SMP systems or to exploit I/O latency.</p>
<p>Setting it to <code>0</code> disallows building on the local machine, which is useful when you want builds to happen only on remote builders.</p>
<ul>
<li><span id="opt-cores"><a href="#opt-cores"><code>--cores</code></a></span></li>
</ul>
<p>Sets the value of the <code>NIX_BUILD_CORES</code> environment variable in the invocation of builders.
Builders can use this variable at their discretion to control the maximum amount of parallelism.
For instance, in Nixpkgs, if the derivation attribute <code>enableParallelBuilding</code> is set to <code>true</code>, the builder passes the <code>-jN</code> flag to GNU Make.
It defaults to the value of the <code>cores</code> configuration setting, if set, or <code>1</code> otherwise.
The value <code>0</code> means that the builder should use all available CPU cores in the system.</p>
<ul>
<li><span id="opt-max-silent-time"><a href="#opt-max-silent-time"><code>--max-silent-time</code></a></span></li>
</ul>
<p>Sets the maximum number of seconds that a builder can go without producing any data on standard output or standard error.
The default is specified by the <code>max-silent-time</code> configuration setting.
<code>0</code> means no time-out.</p>
<ul>
<li><span id="opt-timeout"><a href="#opt-timeout"><code>--timeout</code></a></span></li>
</ul>
<p>Sets the maximum number of seconds that a builder can run.
The default is specified by the <code>timeout</code> configuration setting.
<code>0</code> means no timeout.</p>
<ul>
<li><span id="opt-keep-going"><a href="#opt-keep-going"><code>--keep-going</code></a></span> / <code>-k</code></li>
</ul>
<p>Keep going in case of failed builds, to the greatest extent possible.
That is, if building an input of some derivation fails, Lix will still build the other inputs, but not the derivation itself.
Without this option, Lix stops if any build fails (except for builds of substitutes), possibly killing builds in progress (in case of parallel or distributed builds).</p>
<ul>
<li><span id="opt-keep-failed"><a href="#opt-keep-failed"><code>--keep-failed</code></a></span> / <code>-K</code></li>
</ul>
<p>Specifies that in case of a build failure, the temporary directory (usually in <code>/tmp</code>) in which the build takes place should not be deleted.
The path of the build directory is printed as an informational message.</p>
<ul>
<li><span id="opt-fallback"><a href="#opt-fallback"><code>--fallback</code></a></span></li>
</ul>
<p>Whenever Lix attempts to build a derivation for which substitutes are known for each output path, but realising the output paths through the substitutes fails, fall back on building the derivation.</p>
<p>The most common scenario in which this is useful is when we have registered substitutes in order to perform binary distribution from, say, a network repository.
If the repository is down, the realisation of the derivation will fail.
When this option is specified, Lix will build the derivation instead.
Thus, installation from binaries falls back on installation from source.
This option is not the default since it is generally not desirable for a transient failure in obtaining the substitutes to lead to a full build from source (with the related consumption of resources).</p>
<ul>
<li><span id="opt-readonly-mode"><a href="#opt-readonly-mode"><code>--readonly-mode</code></a></span></li>
</ul>
<p>When this option is used, no attempt is made to open the Lix database.
Most Lix operations do need database access, so those operations will fail.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p>FIXME(Lix): sometimes you want <code>--store dummy</code> instead, because this option sometimes doesn't work. Document why this is.</p>
</div>
<ul>
<li><span id="opt-arg"><a href="#opt-arg"><code>--arg</code></a></span> <em>name</em> <em>value</em></li>
</ul>
<p>This option is accepted by <code>nix-env</code>, <code>nix-instantiate</code>, <code>nix-shell</code> and <code>nix-build</code>.
When evaluating Nix expressions, the expression evaluator will automatically try to call functions that it encounters.
It can automatically call functions for which every argument has a <a href="../../../language/constructs/#functions">default value</a> (e.g., <code>{ argName ? defaultValue }: ...</code>).</p>
<p>With <code>--arg</code>, you can also call functions that have arguments without a default value (or override a default value).
That is, if the evaluator encounters a function with an argument named <em>name</em>, it will call it with value <em>value</em>.</p>
<p>For instance, the top-level <code>default.nix</code> in Nixpkgs is actually a function:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="p">{</span> <span class="c1">## The system (e.g., `i686-linux&#39;) for which to build the packages.</span>
system <span class="o">?</span> <span class="nb">builtins</span><span class="o">.</span>currentSystem
<span class="o">...</span>
<span class="p">}:</span> <span class="o">...</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>So if you call this Nix expression (e.g., when you do <code>nix-env --install --attr pkgname</code>), the function will be called automatically using the value <a href="../../../language/builtins/"><code>builtins.currentSystem</code></a> for the <code>system</code> argument.
You can override this using <code>--arg</code>, e.g., <code>nix-env --install --attr pkgname --arg system "i686-freebsd"</code>.
(Note that since the argument is a Nix string literal, you have to escape the quotes.)</p>
<ul>
<li><span id="opt-argstr"><a href="#opt-argstr"><code>--argstr</code></a></span> <em>name</em> <em>value</em></li>
</ul>
<p>This option is like <code>--arg</code>, only the value is not a Nix expression but a string.
So instead of <code>--arg system "i686-linux"</code> (the outer quotes are to keep the shell happy) you can say <code>--argstr system i686-linux</code>.</p>
<ul>
<li><span id="opt-attr"><a href="#opt-attr"><code>--attr</code></a></span> / <code>-A</code> <em>attrPath</em></li>
</ul>
<p>Select an attribute from the top-level Nix expression being evaluated.
(<code>nix-env</code>, <code>nix-instantiate</code>, <code>nix-build</code> and <code>nix-shell</code> only.)
The <em>attribute path</em> <em>attrPath</em> is a sequence of attribute names separated by dots.
For instance, given a top-level Nix expression <em>e</em>, the attribute path <code>xorg.xorgserver</code> would cause the expression <code>e.xorg.xorgserver</code> to be used.
See <a href="../../nix-env/install/"><code>nix-env --install</code></a> for some concrete examples.</p>
<p>In addition to attribute names, you can also specify array indices.
For instance, the attribute path <code>foo.3.bar</code> selects the <code>bar</code>
attribute of the fourth element of the array in the <code>foo</code> attribute
of the top-level expression.</p>
<ul>
<li><span id="opt-expr"><a href="#opt-expr"><code>--expr</code></a></span> / <code>-E</code></li>
</ul>
<p>Interpret the command line arguments as a list of Nix expressions to be parsed and evaluated, rather than as a list of file names of Nix expressions.
(<code>nix-instantiate</code>, <code>nix-build</code> and <code>nix-shell</code> only.)</p>
<p>For <code>nix-shell</code>, this option is commonly used to give you a shell in which you can build the packages returned by the expression.
If you want to get a shell which contain the <em>built</em> packages ready for use, give your expression to the <code>nix-shell --packages</code> convenience flag instead.</p>
<ul>
<li><span id="opt-I"><a href="#opt-I"><code>-I</code></a></span> <em>path</em></li>
</ul>
<p>Add an entry to the <a href="../../conf-file/#conf-nix-path">Nix expression search path</a>.
This option may be given multiple times.
Paths added through <code>-I</code> take precedence over <a href="../../env-common/#env-NIX_PATH"><code>NIX_PATH</code></a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><span id="opt-option"><a href="#opt-option"><code>--option</code></a></span> <em>name</em> <em>value</em></li>
</ul>
<p>Set the Lix configuration option <em>name</em> to <em>value</em>.
This overrides settings in the Lix configuration file (see nix.conf(5)).</p>
<ul>
<li><span id="opt-repair"><a href="#opt-repair"><code>--repair</code></a></span></li>
</ul>
<p>Fix corrupted or missing store paths by redownloading or rebuilding them.
Note that this is slow because it requires computing a cryptographic hash of the contents of every path in the closure of the build.
Also note the warning under <code>nix-store --repair-path</code>.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>See <a href="../../conf-file/#command-line-flags"><code>man nix.conf</code></a> for overriding configuration settings with command line flags.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="common-environment-variables">Common Environment Variables</h2>
<p>Most commands in Lix interpret the following environment variables:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><span id="env-IN_NIX_SHELL"><a href="#env-IN_NIX_SHELL"><code>IN_NIX_SHELL</code></a></span>
Indicator that tells if the current environment was set up by
<code>nix-shell</code>. It can have the values <code>pure</code> or <code>impure</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span id="env-NIX_PATH"><a href="#env-NIX_PATH"><code>NIX_PATH</code></a></span>
A colon-separated list of directories used to look up the location of Nix
expressions using <a href="../../../language/values/#type-path">paths</a>
enclosed in angle brackets (i.e., <code>&lt;path&gt;</code>),
e.g. <code>/home/eelco/Dev:/etc/nixos</code>. It can be extended using the
<a href="../../opt-common/#opt-I"><code>-I</code> option</a>.</p>
<p>If <code>NIX_PATH</code> is not set at all, Lix will fall back to the following list in <a href="../../conf-file/#conf-pure-eval">impure</a> and <a href="../../conf-file/#conf-restrict-eval">unrestricted</a> evaluation mode:</p>
<ol>
<li><code>$HOME/.nix-defexpr/channels</code></li>
<li><code>nixpkgs=/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels/nixpkgs</code></li>
<li><code>/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels</code></li>
</ol>
<p>If <code>NIX_PATH</code> is set to an empty string, resolving search paths will always fail.
For example, attempting to use <code>&lt;nixpkgs&gt;</code> will produce:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>error: file &#39;nixpkgs&#39; was not found in the Nix search path
</code></pre></div>
</li>
<li>
<p><span id="env-NIX_IGNORE_SYMLINK_STORE"><a href="#env-NIX_IGNORE_SYMLINK_STORE"><code>NIX_IGNORE_SYMLINK_STORE</code></a></span>
Normally, the Nix store directory (typically <code>/nix/store</code>) is not
allowed to contain any symlink components. This is to prevent
“impure” builds. Builders sometimes “canonicalise” paths by
resolving all symlink components. Thus, builds on different machines
(with <code>/nix/store</code> resolving to different locations) could yield
different results. This is generally not a problem, except when
builds are deployed to machines where <code>/nix/store</code> resolves
differently. If you are sure that you’re not going to do that, you
can set <code>NIX_IGNORE_SYMLINK_STORE</code> to <code>1</code>.</p>
<p>Note that if you’re symlinking the Nix store so that you can put it
on another file system than the root file system, on Linux you’re
better off using <code>bind</code> mount points, e.g.,</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">$ </span>mkdir<span class="w"> </span>/nix
<span class="gp">$ </span>mount<span class="w"> </span>-o<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">bind</span><span class="w"> </span>/mnt/otherdisk/nix<span class="w"> </span>/nix
</code></pre></div>
<p>Consult the mount 8 manual page for details.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span id="env-NIX_STORE_DIR"><a href="#env-NIX_STORE_DIR"><code>NIX_STORE_DIR</code></a></span>
Overrides the location of the Nix store (default <code>prefix/store</code>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span id="env-NIX_DATA_DIR"><a href="#env-NIX_DATA_DIR"><code>NIX_DATA_DIR</code></a></span>
Overrides the location of the Lix static data directory (default
<code>prefix/share</code>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span id="env-NIX_LOG_DIR"><a href="#env-NIX_LOG_DIR"><code>NIX_LOG_DIR</code></a></span>
Overrides the location of the Lix log directory (default
<code>prefix/var/log/nix</code>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span id="env-NIX_STATE_DIR"><a href="#env-NIX_STATE_DIR"><code>NIX_STATE_DIR</code></a></span>
Overrides the location of the Lix state directory (default
<code>prefix/var/nix</code>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span id="env-NIX_CONF_DIR"><a href="#env-NIX_CONF_DIR"><code>NIX_CONF_DIR</code></a></span>
Overrides the location of the system Lix configuration directory
(default <code>prefix/etc/nix</code>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span id="env-NIX_CONFIG"><a href="#env-NIX_CONFIG"><code>NIX_CONFIG</code></a></span>
Applies settings from Lix configuration from the environment.
The content is treated as if it was read from a Lix configuration file.
Settings are separated by the newline character.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span id="env-NIX_USER_CONF_FILES"><a href="#env-NIX_USER_CONF_FILES"><code>NIX_USER_CONF_FILES</code></a></span>
Overrides the location of the Lix user configuration files to load from.</p>
<p>The default are the locations according to the <a href="https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html">XDG Base Directory Specification</a>.
See the <a href="#xdg-base-directories">XDG Base Directories</a> sub-section for details.</p>
<p>The variable is treated as a list separated by the <code>:</code> token.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span id="env-TMPDIR"><a href="#env-TMPDIR"><code>TMPDIR</code></a></span>
Use the specified directory to store temporary files. In particular,
this includes temporary build directories; these can take up
substantial amounts of disk space. The default is <code>/tmp</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span id="env-NIX_REMOTE"><a href="#env-NIX_REMOTE"><code>NIX_REMOTE</code></a></span>
This variable should be set to <code>daemon</code> if you want to use the Lix
daemon to execute Nix operations. This is necessary in <a href="../../../installation/multi-user/">multi-user
Nix installations</a>. If the Lix
daemon's Unix socket is at some non-standard path, this variable
should be set to <code>unix://path/to/socket</code>. Otherwise, it should be
left unset.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span id="env-NIX_SHOW_STATS"><a href="#env-NIX_SHOW_STATS"><code>NIX_SHOW_STATS</code></a></span>
If set to <code>1</code>, Lix will print some evaluation statistics, such as
the number of values allocated.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span id="env-NIX_COUNT_CALLS"><a href="#env-NIX_COUNT_CALLS"><code>NIX_COUNT_CALLS</code></a></span>
If set to <code>1</code>, Lix will print how often functions were called during
Nix expression evaluation. This is useful for profiling your Nix
expressions.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><span id="env-GC_INITIAL_HEAP_SIZE"><a href="#env-GC_INITIAL_HEAP_SIZE"><code>GC_INITIAL_HEAP_SIZE</code></a></span>
If Nix has been configured to use the Boehm garbage collector, this
variable sets the initial size of the heap in bytes. It defaults to
384 MiB. Setting it to a low value reduces memory consumption, but
will increase runtime due to the overhead of garbage collection.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="xdg-base-directories">XDG Base Directories</h3>
<p>Lix follows the <a href="https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html">XDG Base Directory Specification</a>.</p>
<p>For backwards compatibility, commands in Lix will follow the standard only when [<code>use-xdg-base-directories</code>] is enabled.
<a href="../../New-CLI/nix/">New Nix commands</a> (experimental) conform to the standard by default.</p>
<p>The following environment variables are used to determine locations of various state and configuration files:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>XDG_CONFIG_HOME</code> (default <code>~/.config</code>)</li>
<li><code>XDG_STATE_HOME</code> (default <code>~/.local/state</code>)</li>
<li><code>XDG_CACHE_HOME</code> (default <code>~/.cache</code>)</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="example">Example</h3>
<p>To verify the integrity of the <code>svn</code> command and all its dependencies:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">$ </span>nix-store<span class="w"> </span>--verify-path<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">$(</span>nix-store<span class="w"> </span>--query<span class="w"> </span>--requisites<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">$(</span>which<span class="w"> </span>svn<span class="k">))</span>
</code></pre></div>
</article>
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