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<a href="../../../Aux/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Aux
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_4" checked>
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
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<a href="../../" class="md-nav__link ">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Lix
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_4" id="__nav_4_label" tabindex="">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Lix
|
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../glossary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Glossary
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../quick-start/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Quick Start
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
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<a href="../../Advanced-Topics/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Advanced Topics
|
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</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
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<a href="../../Command-Reference/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Command Reference
|
|
</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
|
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<a href="../../Package-Management/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Package Management
|
|
</span>
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
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<a href="../../architecture/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Architecture
|
|
</span>
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_4_8" checked>
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
|
<a href="../" class="md-nav__link ">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Contributing
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
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|
|
</a>
|
|
|
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|
|
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_4_8" id="__nav_4_8_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_8_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4_8">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Contributing
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../cli-guideline/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
CLI guideline
|
|
</span>
|
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|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../cxx/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
C++ style guide
|
|
</span>
|
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|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
|
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|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
|
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|
|
<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
What are experimental features?
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
What are experimental features?
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
Table of contents
|
|
</label>
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#when-should-a-new-feature-be-marked-experimental" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
When should a new feature be marked experimental?
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#lifecycle-of-an-experimental-feature" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Lifecycle of an experimental feature
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#relation-to-the-rfc-process" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Relation to the RFC process
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#currently-available-experimental-features" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Currently available experimental features
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Currently available experimental features">
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#xp-feature-auto-allocate-uids" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
auto-allocate-uids
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#xp-feature-ca-derivations" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
ca-derivations
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#xp-feature-cgroups" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
cgroups
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#xp-feature-daemon-trust-override" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
daemon-trust-override
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#xp-feature-dynamic-derivations" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
dynamic-derivations
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#xp-feature-fetch-closure" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
fetch-closure
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#xp-feature-flakes" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
flakes
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#xp-feature-impure-derivations" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
impure-derivations
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#xp-feature-nix-command" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
nix-command
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#xp-feature-no-url-literals" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
no-url-literals
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#xp-feature-parse-toml-timestamps" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
parse-toml-timestamps
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#xp-feature-read-only-local-store" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
read-only-local-store
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#xp-feature-recursive-nix" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
recursive-nix
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#xp-feature-repl-automation" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
repl-automation
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="#xp-feature-repl-flake" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
repl-flake
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
</ul>
|
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|
|
</nav>
|
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</li>
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../hacking/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Hacking
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
<a href="../testing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
Running tests
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--pruned md-nav__item--nested">
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<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
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|
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<h1 id="what-are-experimental-features">What are experimental features?</h1>
|
|
<p>This section describes the notion of <em>experimental features</em>, and how it fits into the big picture of the development of Lix.</p>
|
|
<div class="admonition warning">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
|
|
<p>This section has not been updated for Lix <em>development practices</em> and should not be considered authoritative with respect to those; see the Lix wiki for more up-to-date information as it gets written <a href="https://wiki.lix.systems/books/lix-contributors">https://wiki.lix.systems/books/lix-contributors</a>. The technical content on this page is correct.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Experimental features are considered unstable, which means that they can be changed or removed at any time.
|
|
Users must explicitly enable them by toggling the associated <a href="../../Command-Reference/conf-file/#conf-experimental-features">experimental feature flags</a>.
|
|
This allows accessing unstable functionality without unwittingly relying on it.</p>
|
|
<p>Experimental feature flags were first introduced in <a href="../../release-notes/rl-2.4/">Nix 2.4</a>.
|
|
Before that, Nix did have experimental features, but they were not guarded by flags and were merely documented as unstable.
|
|
This was a source of confusion and controversy.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="when-should-a-new-feature-be-marked-experimental">When should a new feature be marked experimental?</h2>
|
|
<p>A change in the Lix codebase should be guarded by an experimental feature flag if it is considered likely to be reverted or adapted in a backwards-incompatible manner after gathering more experience with it in practice.</p>
|
|
<p>Examples:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Changes to the Nix language, such as new built-ins, syntactic or semantic changes, etc.</li>
|
|
<li>Changes to the command-line interface</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h2 id="lifecycle-of-an-experimental-feature">Lifecycle of an experimental feature</h2>
|
|
<p>Experimental features have to be treated on a case-by-case basis.
|
|
However, the standard workflow for an experimental feature is as follows:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>A new feature is implemented in a <em>pull request</em></li>
|
|
<li>It is guarded by an experimental feature flag that is disabled by default</li>
|
|
<li>The pull request is merged, the <em>experimental</em> feature ends up in a release<ul>
|
|
<li>Using the feature requires explicitly enabling it, signifying awareness of the potential risks</li>
|
|
<li>Being experimental, the feature can still be changed arbitrarily</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>The feature can be <em>removed</em></li>
|
|
<li>The associated experimental feature flag is also removed</li>
|
|
<li>The feature can be declared <em>stable</em></li>
|
|
<li>The associated experimental feature flag is removed</li>
|
|
<li>There should be enough evidence of users having tried the feature, such as feedback, fixed bugs, demonstrations of how it is put to use</li>
|
|
<li>Maintainers must feel confident that:<ul>
|
|
<li>The feature is designed and implemented sensibly, that it is fit for purpose</li>
|
|
<li>Potential interactions are well-understood</li>
|
|
<li>Stabilising the feature will not incur an outsized maintenance burden in the future</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>The following diagram illustrates the process:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code> .------.
|
|
| idea |
|
|
'------'
|
|
|
|
|
discussion, design, implementation
|
|
|
|
|
| .-------.
|
|
| | |
|
|
v v |
|
|
.--------------. review
|
|
| pull request | |
|
|
'--------------' |
|
|
| ^ | |
|
|
| | '-------'
|
|
.---' '----.
|
|
| |
|
|
merge user feedback,
|
|
| (breaking) changes
|
|
| |
|
|
'---. .----'
|
|
| |
|
|
v |
|
|
+--------------+
|
|
.---| experimental |----.
|
|
| +--------------+ |
|
|
| |
|
|
decision to stabilise decision against
|
|
| keeping the feature
|
|
| |
|
|
v v
|
|
+--------+ +---------+
|
|
| stable | | removed |
|
|
+--------+ +---------+
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<h2 id="relation-to-the-rfc-process">Relation to the RFC process</h2>
|
|
<p>Experimental features and <a href="https://github.com/NixOS/rfcs/">RFCs</a> both allow approaching substantial changes while minimizing the risk.
|
|
However they serve different purposes:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>An experimental feature enables developers to iterate on and deliver a new idea without committing to it or requiring a costly long-running fork.
|
|
It is primarily an issue of <em>implementation</em>, targeting Nix developers and early testers.</li>
|
|
<li>The goal of an RFC is to make explicit all the implications of a change:
|
|
Explain why it is wanted, which new use-cases it enables, which interface changes it requires, etc.
|
|
It is primarily an issue of <em>design</em> and <em>communication</em>, targeting the broader community.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>This means that experimental features and RFCs are orthogonal mechanisms, and can be used independently or together as needed.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="currently-available-experimental-features">Currently available experimental features</h2>
|
|
<h3 id="xp-feature-auto-allocate-uids"><code>auto-allocate-uids</code></h3>
|
|
<p>Allows Nix to automatically pick UIDs for builds, rather than creating
|
|
<code>nixbld*</code> user accounts. See the <a href="#conf-auto-allocate-uids"><code>auto-allocate-uids</code></a> setting for details.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="xp-feature-ca-derivations"><code>ca-derivations</code></h3>
|
|
<p>Allow derivations to be content-addressed in order to prevent
|
|
rebuilds when changes to the derivation do not result in changes to
|
|
the derivation's output. See
|
|
<a href="../../language/advanced-attributes/#adv-attr-__contentAddressed">__contentAddressed</a>
|
|
for details.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="xp-feature-cgroups"><code>cgroups</code></h3>
|
|
<p>Allows Nix to execute builds inside cgroups. See
|
|
the <a href="#conf-use-cgroups"><code>use-cgroups</code></a> setting for details.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="xp-feature-daemon-trust-override"><code>daemon-trust-override</code></h3>
|
|
<p>Allow forcing trusting or not trusting clients with
|
|
<code>nix-daemon</code>. This is useful for testing, but possibly also
|
|
useful for various experiments with <code>nix-daemon --stdio</code>
|
|
networking.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="xp-feature-dynamic-derivations"><code>dynamic-derivations</code></h3>
|
|
<p>Allow the use of a few things related to dynamic derivations:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>"text hashing" derivation outputs, so we can build .drv
|
|
files.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>dependencies in derivations on the outputs of
|
|
derivations that are themselves derivations outputs.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3 id="xp-feature-fetch-closure"><code>fetch-closure</code></h3>
|
|
<p>Enable the use of the <a href="../../language/builtins/#builtins-fetchClosure"><code>fetchClosure</code></a> built-in function in the Nix language.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="xp-feature-flakes"><code>flakes</code></h3>
|
|
<p>Enable flakes. See the manual entry for <a href="../../Command-Reference/New-CLI/nix3-flake/"><code>nix
|
|
flake</code></a> for details.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="xp-feature-impure-derivations"><code>impure-derivations</code></h3>
|
|
<p>Allow derivations to produce non-fixed outputs by setting the
|
|
<code>__impure</code> derivation attribute to <code>true</code>. An impure derivation can
|
|
have differing outputs each time it is built.</p>
|
|
<p>Example:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>derivation {
|
|
name = "impure";
|
|
builder = /bin/sh;
|
|
__impure = true; ## mark this derivation as impure
|
|
args = [ "-c" "read -n 10 random < /dev/random; echo $random > $out" ];
|
|
system = builtins.currentSystem;
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Each time this derivation is built, it can produce a different
|
|
output (as the builder outputs random bytes to <code>$out</code>). Impure
|
|
derivations also have access to the network, and only fixed-output
|
|
or other impure derivations can rely on impure derivations. Finally,
|
|
an impure derivation cannot also be
|
|
<a href="#xp-feature-ca-derivations">content-addressed</a>.</p>
|
|
<p>This is a more explicit alternative to using <a href="../../language/builtin-constants/#builtins-currentTime"><code>builtins.currentTime</code></a>.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="xp-feature-nix-command"><code>nix-command</code></h3>
|
|
<p>Enable the new <code>nix</code> subcommands. See the manual on
|
|
<a href="../../Command-Reference/New-CLI/nix/"><code>nix</code></a> for details.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="xp-feature-no-url-literals"><code>no-url-literals</code></h3>
|
|
<p>Disallow unquoted URLs as part of the Nix language syntax. The Nix
|
|
language allows for URL literals, like so:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$ nix repl
|
|
Welcome to Nix 2.15.0. Type :? for help.
|
|
|
|
nix-repl> http://foo
|
|
"http://foo"
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>But enabling this experimental feature will cause the Nix parser to
|
|
throw an error when encountering a URL literal:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$ nix repl --extra-experimental-features 'no-url-literals'
|
|
Welcome to Nix 2.15.0. Type :? for help.
|
|
|
|
nix-repl> http://foo
|
|
error: URL literals are disabled
|
|
|
|
at «string»:1:1:
|
|
|
|
1| http://foo
|
|
| ^
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>While this is currently an experimental feature, unquoted URLs are
|
|
being deprecated and their usage is discouraged.</p>
|
|
<p>The reason is that, as opposed to path literals, URLs have no
|
|
special properties that distinguish them from regular strings, URLs
|
|
containing parameters have to be quoted anyway, and unquoted URLs
|
|
may confuse external tooling.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="xp-feature-parse-toml-timestamps"><code>parse-toml-timestamps</code></h3>
|
|
<p>Allow parsing of timestamps in builtins.fromTOML.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="xp-feature-read-only-local-store"><code>read-only-local-store</code></h3>
|
|
<p>Allow the use of the <code>read-only</code> parameter in <a href="../../Command-Reference/New-CLI/nix3-help-stores/#local-store">local store</a> URIs.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="xp-feature-recursive-nix"><code>recursive-nix</code></h3>
|
|
<p>Allow derivation builders to call Nix, and thus build derivations
|
|
recursively.</p>
|
|
<p>Example:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>with import <nixpkgs> {};
|
|
|
|
runCommand "foo"
|
|
{
|
|
buildInputs = [ nix jq ];
|
|
NIX_PATH = "nixpkgs=${<nixpkgs>}";
|
|
}
|
|
''
|
|
hello=$(nix-build -E '(import <nixpkgs> {}).hello.overrideDerivation (args: { name = "recursive-hello"; })')
|
|
|
|
mkdir -p $out/bin
|
|
ln -s $hello/bin/hello $out/bin/hello
|
|
''
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>An important restriction on recursive builders is disallowing
|
|
arbitrary substitutions. For example, running</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>nix-store -r /nix/store/kmwd1hq55akdb9sc7l3finr175dajlby-hello-2.10
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>in the above <code>runCommand</code> script would be disallowed, as this could
|
|
lead to derivations with hidden dependencies or breaking
|
|
reproducibility by relying on the current state of the Nix store. An
|
|
exception would be if
|
|
<code>/nix/store/kmwd1hq55akdb9sc7l3finr175dajlby-hello-2.10</code> were
|
|
already in the build inputs or built by a previous recursive Nix
|
|
call.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="xp-feature-repl-automation"><code>repl-automation</code></h3>
|
|
<p>Makes the repl not use readline/editline, print ENQ (U+0005) when ready for a command, and take commands followed by newline.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="xp-feature-repl-flake"><code>repl-flake</code></h3>
|
|
<p>Allow passing <a href="../../Command-Reference/New-CLI/nix/#installables">installables</a> to <code>nix repl</code>, making its interface consistent with the other experimental commands.</p>
|
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