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<h1 id="remote-builds">Remote Builds</h1>
<p>Lix supports remote builds, where a local Lix installation can forward
Nix builds to other machines. This allows multiple builds to be
performed in parallel and allows Lix to perform multi-platform builds in
a semi-transparent way. For instance, if you perform a build for a
<code>x86_64-darwin</code> on an <code>i686-linux</code> machine, Lix can automatically
forward the build to a <code>x86_64-darwin</code> machine, if available.</p>
<p>To forward a build to a remote machine, its required that the remote
machine is accessible via SSH and that it has Nix installed. You can
test whether connecting to the remote Nix instance works, e.g.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">$ </span>nix<span class="w"> </span>store<span class="w"> </span>ping<span class="w"> </span>--store<span class="w"> </span>ssh://mac
</code></pre></div>
<p>will try to connect to the machine named <code>mac</code>. It is possible to
specify an SSH identity file as part of the remote store URI, e.g.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">$ </span>nix<span class="w"> </span>store<span class="w"> </span>ping<span class="w"> </span>--store<span class="w"> </span>ssh://mac?ssh-key<span class="o">=</span>/home/alice/my-key
</code></pre></div>
<p>Since builds should be non-interactive, the key should not have a
passphrase. Alternatively, you can load identities ahead of time into
<code>ssh-agent</code> or <code>gpg-agent</code>.</p>
<p>If you get the error</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go">bash: nix-store: command not found</span>
<span class="go">error: cannot connect to &#39;mac&#39;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>then you need to ensure that the <code>PATH</code> of non-interactive login shells
contains Nix.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
</div>
<blockquote>
<p>If you are building via the Lix daemon (default on Linux and macOS), it is the Lix daemon user account (that is, <code>root</code>) that should have SSH access to a user (not necessarily <code>root</code>) on the remote machine.</p>
<p>Furthermore, <code>root</code> needs to have the public host keys for the remote system in its <code>.ssh/known_hosts</code>.
To add them to <code>known_hosts</code> for root, do <code>ssh-keyscan USER@HOST | sudo tee -a ~root/.ssh/known_hosts</code>.</p>
<p>If you cant or dont want to configure <code>root</code> to be able to access the remote machine, you can use a private Nix store instead by passing e.g. <code>--store ~/my-nix</code> when running a Nix command from the local machine.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>The list of remote machines can be specified on the command line or in
the Lix configuration file. The former is convenient for testing. For
example, the following command allows you to build a derivation for
<code>x86_64-darwin</code> on a Linux machine:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="gp">$ </span>uname
<span class="go">Linux</span>
<span class="gp">$ </span>nix<span class="w"> </span>build<span class="w"> </span>--impure<span class="w"> </span>
<span class="go"> --expr &#39;(with import &lt;nixpkgs&gt; { system = &quot;x86_64-darwin&quot;; }; runCommand &quot;foo&quot; {} &quot;uname &gt; $out&quot;)&#39; </span>
<span class="go"> --builders &#39;ssh://mac x86_64-darwin&#39;</span>
<span class="go">[1/0/1 built, 0.0 MiB DL] building foo on ssh://mac</span>
<span class="gp">$ </span>cat<span class="w"> </span>./result
<span class="go">Darwin</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>It is possible to specify multiple builders separated by a semicolon or
a newline, e.g.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="go"> --builders &#39;ssh://mac x86_64-darwin ; ssh://beastie x86_64-freebsd&#39;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Each machine specification consists of the following elements, separated
by spaces. Only the first element is required. To leave a field at its
default, set it to <code>-</code>.</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>The URI of the remote store in the format
<code>ssh://[username@]hostname</code>, e.g. <code>ssh://nix@mac</code> or <code>ssh://mac</code>.
For backward compatibility, <code>ssh://</code> may be omitted. The hostname
may be an alias defined in your <code>~/.ssh/config</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>A comma-separated list of Nix platform type identifiers, such as
<code>x86_64-darwin</code>. It is possible for a machine to support multiple
platform types, e.g., <code>i686-linux,x86_64-linux</code>. If omitted, this
defaults to the local platform type.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The SSH identity file to be used to log in to the remote machine. If
omitted, SSH will use its regular identities.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The maximum number of builds that Lix will execute in parallel on
the machine. Typically this should be equal to the number of CPU
cores. For instance, the machine <code>itchy</code> in the example will execute
up to 8 builds in parallel.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The “speed factor”, indicating the relative speed of the machine. If
there are multiple machines of the right type, Lix will prefer the
fastest, taking load into account.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>A comma-separated list of <em>supported features</em>. If a derivation has
the <code>requiredSystemFeatures</code> attribute, then Lix will only perform
the derivation on a machine that has the specified features. For
instance, the attribute</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="ss">requiredSystemFeatures</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="s2">&quot;kvm&quot;</span> <span class="p">];</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>will cause the build to be performed on a machine that has the <code>kvm</code>
feature.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>A comma-separated list of <em>mandatory features</em>. A machine will only
be used to build a derivation if all of the machines mandatory
features appear in the derivations <code>requiredSystemFeatures</code>
attribute.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The (base64-encoded) public host key of the remote machine. If omitted, SSH
will use its regular known-hosts file. Specifically, the field is calculated
via <code>base64 -w0 /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub</code>.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>For example, the machine specification</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>nix@scratchy.labs.cs.uu.nl i686-linux /home/nix/.ssh/id_scratchy_auto 8 1 kvm
nix@itchy.labs.cs.uu.nl i686-linux /home/nix/.ssh/id_scratchy_auto 8 2
nix@poochie.labs.cs.uu.nl i686-linux /home/nix/.ssh/id_scratchy_auto 1 2 kvm benchmark
</code></pre></div>
<p>specifies several machines that can perform <code>i686-linux</code> builds.
However, <code>poochie</code> will only do builds that have the attribute</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="ss">requiredSystemFeatures</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="s2">&quot;benchmark&quot;</span> <span class="p">];</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>or</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="ss">requiredSystemFeatures</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="s2">&quot;benchmark&quot;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;kvm&quot;</span> <span class="p">];</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p><code>itchy</code> cannot do builds that require <code>kvm</code>, but <code>scratchy</code> does support
such builds. For regular builds, <code>itchy</code> will be preferred over
<code>scratchy</code> because it has a higher speed factor.</p>
<p>Remote builders can also be configured in <code>nix.conf</code>, e.g.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>builders = ssh://mac x86_64-darwin ; ssh://beastie x86_64-freebsd
</code></pre></div>
<p>Finally, remote builders can be configured in a separate configuration
file included in <code>builders</code> via the syntax <code>@file</code>. For example,</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>builders = @/etc/nix/machines
</code></pre></div>
<p>causes the list of machines in <code>/etc/nix/machines</code> to be included. (This
is the default.)</p>
<p>If you want the builders to use caches, you likely want to set the
option <code>builders-use-substitutes</code> in your local <code>nix.conf</code>.</p>
<p>To build only on remote builders and disable building on the local
machine, you can use the option <code>--max-jobs 0</code>.</p>
</article>
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